Data communication is the primary element that connects us to the devices and services we depend on in our interconnected digital world. It is comprised of a variety of methods and media that dictate the way information is transmitted from one location to another. Understanding how this works helps us design efficient and reliable networks that deliver the benefits of increased connectivity like improved business efficiencies in productivity, as well as improvements in automation.
Data communication is the transfer of data between computers via a medium or channel. This could be done through either a cable, satellite signal, radio frequency or wirelessly. The sender is the individual or device transmitting data and the receiver is the computer that receives the data. In a data communications network, more than two computers may be involved in the communication process.
Multiplexing and Demultiplexing is a set of communication techniques that optimize bandwidth use and reduce costs. Both processes require specialized equipment which can combine and separate signals. Custom integrated circuits are typically used to perform this function and are present in a variety of communication devices, including cell phones, computers, and printers.
Full-duplex communication is the mode of data communication that permits simultaneous two-way communication between a pair of devices. This is a more complex mode than simplex transmission, since it requires the capability to send and receive data simultaneously.